Have you ever wondered what the different parts of the brain are and what is the Brain parts and functions? The main divisions of the brain are the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. We're going to talk about that in this article. 

Brain parts and functions, parts and functions of brain
parts of brain


  In this article, we'll start talking about the central nervous system we're gonna talk about an important introduction that will make it easier to understand the parts of the brain.

         Types of the nervous system

 We already know the nervous system is divided into:

  • The central nervous system.
  • peripheral nervous system. 

     Central nervous system(CNS)

 The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. In this article, we'll talk about the brain parts and functions.


nervous system
nervous system

          Parts of brain

 Major divisions of the brain are the;

  •  Forebrain
  •  Midbrain 
  •  Hindbrain 
       Forebrain

      The forebrain consists of:

    1. Cerebrum. 
    2. Thalamus. 
    3.  Hypothalamus. 

         1- Cerebrum 

       Cerebrum which consists of two hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissure on the surface of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex.

         Functions of cerebrum

    • It works in processing sensory information.
    • Controlling motor functions.
    • Performing higher-order functions such as reasoning and problem-solving.

        Lobes of the cerebral cortex

     The cerebral cortex is further divided into lobes which include the:

    • Frontal 
    • Parietal 
    • Occipital  
    • Temporal lobes
      Lobes of brain
      Lobes of the brain

        Functions of frontal lobes

       Frontal lobes functions include:

    •  Involuntarily muscle movement
    •  Memory thinking
    • Decision-making and planning

       Functions of parietal lobes

    Parietal lobes are responsible for

    • receiving and processing sensory information 
    • these lobes also contain the somatosensory cortex which is essential for processing touch sensations

       Functions of occipital lobes

     Occipital lobes are responsible for:

    • Receiving and processing visual information from the retina 

       Functions of temporal lobes

     The temporal lobes are the home of the limbic system structures including the amygdala and hippocampus.

     These lobes organize sensory input as well as aid in auditory perception memory formation and language and speech production deep in the cerebrum the basal ganglia exist which help regulate muscle tone.

      The most common disorder of the basal ganglia is Parkinson's disease.

        2- Thalamus

    Thalamus is a limbic system structure that connects areas of the cerebral cortex that is involved in sensory perception and movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord.

        3- Hypothalamus 

     Hypothalamus acts as the control center for many autonomic functions including respiration, blood pressure, and body temperature regulation it also regulates the hormonal output of the anterior pituitary gland and acts as an endocrine organ.

          Hindbrain

      Hindbrain consists of:

    1.  Cerebellum
    2.  Pons
    3. Medulla oblongata

    Medulla pons and midbrain are collectively called the brainstem now we're gonna discuss each part separately.

       1- Cerebellum

     Functions 

     Many of the functions of the cerebellum are concerned with movement these include:

    •  Coordination and regulation of muscle tone and the maintenance of posture and equilibrium which acts as a bridge connecting the cerebrum with the medulla oblongata and cerebellum.

        2- Pons

    The pons assists in the control of autonomic functions as well as states of sleep and arousal.

        3- Medulla

     The medulla extends from the spinal cord to the pons and is anterior to the cerebellum and contains cardiac centers that regulate heart rate.

     Thus motor centers that regulate the diameter of blood vessels and thereby regulate the blood pressure and respiratory centers that regulate breathing also in the medulla are reflex centers for coughing sneezing swallowing and vomiting.

         Midbrain

     The midbrain is the area of the brain that connects the forebrain to the hindbrain the midbrain medulla and pons are composed of the brainstem.

     The brainstem connects the spinal cord with the cerebrum and the midbrain regulates movement in Dane's in the processing of auditory and visual information that was a brief discussion about the brain parts.